HOW TO DISPOSE WASTE IN JAPAN

Where Are All the Trash Cans?

If you’ve spent any time in Japan, you’ve probably noticed how incredibly clean the streets are—even in the heart of Tokyo. But you might also find yourself wondering, “Where are all the trash cans?” The reason is simple: in Japan, people are expected to take their trash home when bins aren’t available. While you may come across trash cans in some public spaces, they aren’t as common as in other countries. It’s a good idea to get used to this practice while you’re visiting or living in Japan.

Back Where it Came From

In Japan, waste disposal is often the responsibility of the seller. That’s why you’ll find garbage bins outside convenience stores and recycling bins attached to vending machines, rather than scattered around on every street corner. This approach ensures that trash is managed efficiently, and it’s something visitors should keep in mind while exploring Japan.

Cleaning Up After Your Meal

If you’re dining at a fast-food restaurant, don’t just dump everything in the trash or leave your tray behind. In Japan, it’s customary to separate waste before disposing of it or return your tray to a designated area. Some places require you to sort liquids, burnable items (like paper and food scraps), and plastic separately. Others may have a specific “Tray Return” section where you should leave your used tray and dishes.

What About Cigarette Butts?

Visitors to Japan are often surprised to find that smoking is still permitted in some indoor areas, though these spaces have become less common since the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. If a location allows smoking, it will usually have a designated smoking section or provide ashtrays. However, outdoor smoking rules are quite strict—especially in cities. In many urban areas, smoking on the street outside of designated smoking zones is prohibited, and fines may be imposed. If you smoke, always use the designated areas and dispose of cigarette butts in the provided ashtrays.

Separating Trash in Japan

Waste separation in Japan can be more detailed than in other countries, with different rules for public and household trash disposal. Public trash bins—such as those at train stations or convenience stores—are usually divided into categories like burnable waste, non-burnable waste (plastics and Styrofoam), PET bottles (plastic drink bottles), cans, and glass bottles. Some places even have separate slots for bottle caps, as they are made of a different type of plastic!

Japan’s commitment to cleanliness and sustainability is evident in its unique waste disposal system. Public trash cans are scarce to encourage people to take their trash home or use designated disposal areas, such as those near vending machines or convenience stores. This system places responsibility on individuals and businesses rather than the city, reinforcing the cultural value of mottainai—the idea of minimizing waste and making the most of resources.

Recycling and waste separation are strictly enforced, with bins often categorized into burnable, non-burnable, PET bottles, cans, and glass. Local regulations vary, and areas like Koenji and Ogikubo in Suginami Ward have their own sorting rules that residents and visitors must follow. Whether attending the Asagaya Jazz Streets Festival or enjoying a cherry blossom-viewing picnic at Zenpukuji River Park, being mindful of proper disposal methods ensures a cleaner environment for everyone.

Smoking in public is also regulated, with designated smoking areas providing ashtrays. In many urban areas, smoking while walking is prohibited and may result in fines. By following Japan’s waste and smoking regulations, visitors can contribute to maintaining the country’s pristine streets while gaining a deeper appreciation for its eco-conscious culture.

[updated March 2025]
Illustrations: Robert McMaster
Text: K. Tezuka
Translation: Greg